Education, discipline concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like settings as opposed to various non-formal and informal ways of socialization (eg, rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships).
Education Can Be Seen As The Transmission.
The values and accumulated knowledge of a society. In that sense, it is equivalent to what social scientists call socialization or enculturation. Children—whether conceived among New Guinean tribes, Renaissance Florentines, or Manhattan's middle class—are born without culture. Education aims to guide them in learning a culture, mold their behavior in the way of maturity and lead them to their ultimate role in society. In the most primitive cultures, there is often little formal learning—little of what one would commonly call school or classes or teachers. All Education Books Tips Instead, the whole environment and all activities are often thought of as school and classes, and many or all adults act as teachers. However, as societies become more complex, the amount of knowledge that must be passed on from one generation to the next becomes greater than anyone can know, and so more selective and efficient means of cultural transmission need to be developed. The result is formal education - the school and the specialist called the teacher.
As society becomes more complex and schools become more and
more institutionalized, educational experience becomes less directly related to
everyday life, less a matter of showing and learning in the context of the
everyday world, and more abstracted from practice, more a matter of distilling,
telling and learning things from context. This concentration of learning in a
formal atmosphere allows children to learn much more about their culture than
they can by simply observing and imitating. As society gradually attaches more
and more importance to education, it also tries to formulate the general
objectives, content, organization and strategies of education. Literature is
loaded with advice on educating the younger generation. In short, philosophies
and theories about education are developing.
A system of higher Education.
open to everyone - at least to anyone who had the leisure and the necessary money - came into being with the arrival of the Sophists, mainly foreign teachers who were contemporaries and opponents of Socrates (c. 470-399 BCE ). Until then, the higher forms of culture had retained an esoteric character and were handed over by the master to a few chosen disciples - as in the early medical schools at Knidus and in Cos - or within the framework of a religious brotherhood with initiated status. . The sophists proposed to meet a new need that was widely felt in Greek society - especially in the most active cities, such as Athens, where political life had been intensively developed. Henceforth, participation in public affairs became the highest occupation of the Greek man's ambition; it was no longer in athletics and elegant leisure activities that his courage, his desire to assert himself and triumph, would find expression, but rather in political action.
The sophists, who were professional educators, introduced a form of higher education whose commercial success was witnessed and promoted by its social utility and practical effectiveness. They inaugurated the literary genre of public reading, which would enjoy a long popularity. It was a learning process oriented in a completely realistic All Education Books Tips direction, education for political participation. The sophists pretended not to pass on or seek the truth about man or existence; they simply offered an art of success in political life, which mainly meant being able to let your point of view prevail at every opportunity. Two main disciplines formed the program: the art of logical reasoning, or dialectics, and the art of persuasive speech, or rhetoric—the two most flourishing humanistic sciences of antiquity. These disciplines were founded by the sophists by distilling from experience their general principles and logical structures, which allowed them to be passed on theoretically from master to student.
All Education Books Tips
The pedagogy of the sophists was opposed to the activity of Socrates who, as heir to the previous aristocratic tradition, was alarmed by this radical utilitarianism. He doubted that one could teach virtue, especially for money, a degrading substance. Heir to the old sages of yore, All Education Books Tips Socrates maintained that the supreme ideal of man, and therefore of education, was not the spirit of efficiency and power but the disinterested search for the absolute, for the virtue, in short, of knowledge and understanding. .
However, it was not until the beginning of the 4th century
BC that the main types of classical Greek higher education were definitively
organized. This was the result of the joint and rival efforts of two great
educators: the philosopher Plato (c. 428-348 / 347), who opened his school -
the Academy - probably in 387, and the orator Isocrates (436-338), who founded
his school around 390.
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